Are haemorrhoids disturbing you?

9 February 2026, 2:00 pm

Haemorrhoids, commonly known as piles, are swollen veins in the lower rectum and anus that can cause pain, itching, discomfort, and bleeding during bowel movements. Many people suffer silently from this condition, yet understanding how haemorrhoids develop and how nutrition and lifestyle affect them can greatly reduce both discomfort and risk.

Haemorrhoids develop when there is too much pressure on the veins around the rectum and anus. This pressure causes the veins to swell and become inflamed. Some haemorrhoids develop inside the rectum and are often painless, while others form under the skin around the anus and can be very painful. Lifestyle choices, diet, and certain health conditions play a major role in how and why this pressure builds up.

One of the most common causes is constipation. Straining during bowel movements increases pressure in the rectal veins. Pregnancy also increases risk because the growing uterus presses on pelvic veins, while hormonal changes weaken vein walls. Obesity, lack of physical activity, prolonged sitting especially on the toilet heavy lifting, and ageing all contribute to the development of haemorrhoids.

Nutrition plays a critical role in both preventing and managing haemorrhoids. A diet low in fibre often leads to hard stools and constipation, which increases straining. Fibre helps soften stool and supports regular bowel movements, reducing pressure on rectal veins. Both soluble fibre, found in foods like fruits, vegetables, beans, and oats, and insoluble fibre, found in whole grains, nuts, seeds, and fruit skins, are important for digestive health.

Eating fibre-rich foods such as apples, pears, berries, leafy greens, carrots, beans, lentils, whole grains, nuts, and seeds can significantly reduce the risk of haemorrhoids. Drinking enough water is just as important, as fluids help keep stools soft and easy to pass. On the other hand, processed foods that are low in fibre, excessive alcohol, too much caffeine, and spicy foods can worsen symptoms or contribute to constipation.

Lifestyle habits also matter. Regular physical activity supports digestion and helps prevent constipation and weight gain. Avoiding long periods of sitting, practising healthy bathroom habits, and not straining during bowel movements can further lower the risk.

Haemorrhoids may be common, but they are not inevitable. With the right nutrition, adequate hydration, and healthy daily habits, many people can prevent them or manage symptoms effectively. Simple changes in diet and lifestyle can make a meaningful difference in protecting digestive health and improving quality of life.

By Kamara Daniel, Nutritionist, Bwindi Community Hospital